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BIRTH OF SPACE

All stars, Galaxies, Planets including whole energy, combine called universe. The

study related to universe is termed as Cosmology. Our universe is so vast that we

can not imagine even one single edge to measure. It is very difficult to measure the

Number of stars, distance and mass. In spite of that scientists tried to guess these

numbers with the help of important results. As per the space scientists in this world

 trillions of Galaxies are in existence and every Galaxy comprises of trillions of stars. In thisway we can think that total number of stars will be around ten to the power of twenty two.            

EVOLUTION OF UNIVERSE:

                                                            Whenever question comes of the starting and future of universe, there are numbers of theories expressed by so many scientists. In all these theories Big Bang theory was most popular. This theory was set when our scientists with the help of modern telescope and other equipments, could tell us that our universe is continuously expanding.

BIG BANG THEORY:

                                                            Mr. G Lemetor, the great space scientist of Belgium gave the clarification of this theory. As per this theory this universe was in a very dense condition around trillions of  years back and it was like a point. This point is termed as point of singularity. There was a massive explosion in this point and this point started expanding. Due to this expansion this point was splinted and all small parts in the form of photon and Leptoquark gluon scattered in the broader space. These parts made the milky ways and these milky ways are still running in the air.

As per this theory after the Big Bang within a hundred parts of a second this universe changed from a atomic state to cosmic state. After that expansion speed of universe slows down but temperature was very high for a long time. Around after 4.5 trillions       years stars and Galaxies first time transformed. Our solar system is somewhat around 4.5 trillions  years old. Life started on this earth around 0.37 trillions years back.

Herman Bondy, Thomas Gold and Fred Hoyl of Britain gave a clear bet to this theory. They represented a new theory of evolution of universe in 1948. They named it Steady State Theory.

STEADY STATE THEORY:

                                                            As per this theory the universe is not established with Big Bang. This has neither start nor end. They said that milky ways are going away from each other but their density is not changing, means going away milky ways make another milky ways in between the space vacant. That is why density of matter in the universe remains constant all the time.

Till today Big Bang theory is the only popular theory.

This is based upon following research:

1.     Continuous expansion of the universe.

2.    Universe is filled with electromagnetic radiation.

3.    Most of the mass of universe is mysteriously hidden from our views

Expansion of universe theory is based on Doppler effects and it is called Red Shift.

Red Shift:

                        If we move towards light source there will be little increase in frequency of light wave. It means that picture will move towards blue in the spectrum of light. Opposite to that if this distance is increasing than the frequency of light will diminish and picture will move towards red in the spectrum of light. This type of shift is called Red Shift.

As per this theory in 1929 Mr. Edwin Hebbal from Mount Wilson observatory of California clarifies the expansion of universe. In his analysis he found that light rays from some of the nearest galaxies are shifting towards red end so finally he came to the following conclusions:-

1.         All Galaxies are going far away from us.

2.         Any Galaxy which is at more distance from us will be moving at more speed. 

            So the velocity of Galaxy is proportional to distance.

V = HD   Here H is a constant which is named as Hebbal Parameter

H=KM/S MPC

Hebbal parameter is inverse of time

            In this theory if we set back in the past than age of the universe comes around 15000000000 light years which is almost the same as statistics says.

NOTE:   Isac Esimov oppose this Hecession theory and said if with the distance speed of galaxies increases than after 1225 Kr yrs it was impossible to see all Galaxies in the sky.

GALAXY:

                        Galaxy is a assembly of trillions of stars. Stars are bonded with galaxies. Gravitational plays a very important and only major role in adhesion of these stars in the galaxies. In this universe trillions of stars are available. In every galaxy other than stars there are dirt, dust and gases found. 98 percent of the galaxy is filled with stars and 2 percent is the only gases or dust particles.

            Some times due to huge shape of the galaxies it is misunderstood as universe.

CLASSIFICATION OF GALAXY:

On the basis of shape galaxies are separated in three categories

a.         Spiral

b.         Elliptical

c.         Irregular

            Till now there are 80 percent of galaxies are Spiral, 17 percent of the galaxies are Elliptical and 3 percent are of irregular shape. Our Milky way or say galaxy and our neighbor Andromedia is spiral shaped. Spiral galaxies are generally big in shape.

OUR OWN GALAXY THE MILKY WAY:

            Our solar system is a member of milky way. Dia of the solar system is 1000000 light years and this is rotating on its axis. All stars are rotating around its centre. To complete its one round it takes almost 250 millions years. We from earth can see only end-on view or side view of our galaxy. Our sun is far away from the center of its axis or our milky way.

            If sky is clear, we can see a wide strip in night from north to south. In dark night it seems to be a river of light in the sky and this is called Galaxy.

CONSTELLATION:

                                    If we see the group of stars from earth it seems to be in a specific shape. Our ancestors have given so many names to these groups of stars by their imagination. This group of stars is called Constellation. Major constellation is:

1.         Ursa major   

2.         Ursa minor   

3.         Cygnus

4.         Hydra

In the sky there are 89 constellations are present. Centraus is the biggest among all. In this group there are 94 stars. Hydra is having minimum of 68 stars. Ursa constellation is having so many stars but 07 are brighter and we can see easily. This is also known as Big dipper.

Ursa Minor is also having 07 bright stars. In the spring season Ursa Major and minor can be seen on north side. Orion constellation can only be seen in winter season. In this group of stars four stars seems to be in the shape of a rectangle. In this rectangle one bright star is Beetlegij and opposite to that Regal is situated.

STARS:

                        Stars are space particles which are continuously emitting heat and light. So our Sun is also a star. In stars, as per the mass, there is 70% Hydrogen, 28% Helium, 1.5% Carbon, Nitrogen and 0.56% is iron ore. Stars are classified as per shape, color and temperature.

Classification:

                        There are three types of stars:

a)         Red

b)         White

c)         Blue

Color of stars shows the indication of its temperature. Comparative low temp. Stars are of red color. High temp. Stars are of white and very high temp stars are blue in colour.

PROXIMA CENTAURI:

                                    This is star near to earth after sun. Distance of this star from earth is 422 light year.

            Every star (except Dhruv) moves from east to west in the night or they seems to be moving because earth itself rotating on its axis from west to east. Dhruv star is straight upside on the North Pole. This does not move because it is on the axis of rotation of earth. This star is of little bear group member.